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… by Richelieu. It allowed access to the port to be controlled. Seventy years later, at the end of the War of the … to renovate the defences of La Rochelle, which he had been commissioned to perform by Vauban the same year. His … On each of its faces, a unique arch machicolation ensured the flanking of the escarpment base. In 1846, the July …

… the strategic position of the town in relation to Basle. The engineer Tarade supervised the work. The construction was completed in 1680. A new town, in a pentagonal shape and … south-west bastions and a redoubt to the south. A channel surrounded the base of the glacis and the moats were filled. …

… History and description The defensive lines from Quélern to Roscanvel were planned by Vauban from 1689, at the … May 1695. Vauban himself directed the construction as the commander of Brest. The work was in the form of a bastioned … way with traverses and incoming and outgoing parade grounds surrounded the fort. The engineer Traverse applied the plans …

… The fort de la Prée was built from 1625 by D’Argencourt and Le Camus, engineers under Louis XIII. It is a square fort … the engineer Blondel redesigned it, followed in 1672 by Clerville, then Le Favolière, and finally the engineer … curtain walls still stood, with a central courtyard surrounded by two barracks. Three other military buildings …

… Fort-les-Bains History and description Situated on a hill that … fort. The engineer Saint Hillaire designed the plans and ensured follow-up of the construction. This fort was … Vauban made some improvements but did not consider the complex to be a top priority. A project was set out in 1888 …

… was constructed in 1453, at the same time as the Hâ castle, under the reign of King Charles VII of France following … project. The construction of the second château Trompette commenced in 1664 and was finished eleven years later, … and architect Nicolas Payen was the person supervising on-site. In 1680, Vauban’s attention turned to the weaknesses …

… The château de la Latte can be traced back to at least the 14th century. Besieged multiple times, it was burnt and dismantled in 1597 during the … later, the engineer Garangeau renovated this ancient site, by transforming it into a coastal battery in 1691. The …

… and later reinforced under the Arab occupation. The castle and town were constructed from the 8th century. … Following the death of Louis XIV, new constructions commenced at Collioure. The fort Carré and the star tower … citadel and the fort Saint-Elme were preserved and can be visited. They house museums and exhibition spaces. The fort …

… in around 1684 in order to remedy a lack of water in Versailles. The Machine de Marly did not allow sufficient supply to … was one of the main obstacles on this route. To overcome it, it was decided to construct an aqueduct. The … of the valley. The penstocks were never laid, and the site was very rapidly used as a quarry for the local …

… initial project for Marsal in 1663. This project remained incomplete in 1679, at the time of his inspections. The porte de … may have disappeared but the medians of the ramparts survive, as does the Porte de France. The detached forts are …

… of the Merovingian kingdom of Austrasia, named Mettis. Becoming an imperial town in the middle Ages, a new urban wall was built from the 9th and 10th … to the East, as well as the barracks in the vicinity, and surviving fragments of ramparts to the north, the barracks …

… Villefranche-de-Conflent History and description Situated at … the war of Devolution, the Knight Nicolas de Clerville completed a memoir on the need to fortify … since 1970. All are classed as historical monuments and the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List as part of the …

… Bergues History and description Medieval town, comprising two initial urban centres (the Saint-Winocq abbey … fortifications, in the form of a urban wall and a castle (of the motte-and-bailey type). These walls would be … gate being replaced by a suburb said to be from Biesme, surrounding the station and the new canal. This construction …

… which overlooked the Durance, at the point where five valleys intersected. This small fort was replaced by a medieval … Louis XIV to modernise Briançon. These modernisations commenced with the construction of a first urban wall, … before the final demilitarisation of the fortified sites. Military cable cars were installed to connect the …