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… to protect the access road, a covered way around the medieval castle and a glacis with two bastions and a curtain … hill. As for the medieval keep, a floor was removed to accommodate an artillery platform and its thick walls housed a garrison of three hundred man. However, from 1684, during the construction of Huningue, the site declined in …

… par un château fort, dit Grevenburg ( i.e. château des comtes ) édifié après 1357 par le comte Jean III de … le met hors de portée des premiers canons. A partir de 1437, le site est administré par des fonctionnaires nobles … le site afin de conserver le verrou sur la Moselle. En 1734, le château est assiégé une dernière fois par les …

… To do so, he continued the modernisation which Pagan had commenced: the medieval urban wall was totally restored and transformed into … gate, while a barbican became a bastion flank; the former medieval porte Saint-Romain became a military hospital. After …

… Carolingians. Its first urban wall was constructed in the 14th century, under the kings of Majorca, a period when the … such as the tour de Mir and the tour de la Guardia (Gardies signifies watch tower in Catalan). The town also … Louvois, the War Minister, persuaded Louis XIV against completing the project but the medieval defensive walls were …

… Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port History and description A town of medieval origin, situated at the meeting point of the three … formed along the road to Saint James of Compostela. It received its first urban wall in the 14th century. A castle of the kings of Navarre was mentioned …

… Aire-sur-la-Lys History and description A town of medieval origin, situated on the left bank of the Lys, … one by Vauban in 1676, during the war of Holland. In 1540, the Spanish chose to erect their first modern … lie in place of ramparts which were demolished in 1893. To complete the study, a relief map of the town should be …

… This mountain is situated along the line separating the bodies of water between the hydrographic basins of the Garonne … situated at the crossing point of the line separating the bodies of water by the canal. The aqueduct was called rigole … the output in Bas-Languedoc. Louis XIV finally decided to commence construction including drilling from 1666. The …

… the passage towards the roadstead, constructed in 1524. Under the reign of Henri IV and during the troubles of the League, the urban medieval wall was replaced by an urban bastioned wall, … the project in 1589 and directed the construction up to its completion in 1595. This urban wall was extended into the …

… fort with a coastal defence. This fort was replaced by a medieval castle from the 12th century. Up to the 16th century, … became silted up. In 1667, the Knight of Clerville, Commissioner-General of the fortifications, set up a project … of an orthogonal frame. He completed this program in 1694 by stipulating matters in the following areas: re-use of …

… important in the region. It was partially destroyed in 1646 during the Thirty Years War, during which Longwy became … modern fortifications were constructed until this time. A medieval urban wall surrounded the small town of Longwy-Haut … 1672, razed to the ground by the French. In 1678, after the combat in the war of Holland came to an end and the set-up …

… redentées successives. Les flancs ouest et est ne sont composés que de murailles à pic sur les pentes rocheuses … des casernes édifiées le long des courtines. Un arsenal complète l’équipement interne. Cet arsenal sert en quelque … fonds cartographiques français et allemands permettent d’étudier Mont-Royal qui n’a pas été réoccupé depuis. … Mont-Royal …

… again and a second urban wall was constructed. These medieval ramparts were repaired multiple times and were … of the Nantes edict in 1685. The engineer Francis Ferry was commissioned with designing the plans. In 1687, he submitted … unbuilt, but this would not be properly completed until 1740, under Louis XV, by the architect Mareschal. However, the …

… du traité d’Utrecht, les territoires de Terre-Neuve et d’Acadie passent aux mains des Anglais. La France perd alors ses … reliant des redoutes bastionnées, localisées sur les points dominants du site. Ce projet devient rapidement plus … Etienne Verrier Nommé ingénieur en chef résident en 1724 sous la responsabilité de Verville, Etienne Verrier prend …

… Guise has had a castle since the 10th century. It was in 945 that the town became a fiefdom. Devastated during the war … five bastions and dug out dry moats around the medieval castle. Two ravelins were added to the south. The … bastions of the castle included casemates and corridors for communications with musket firing loops. The construction …

… de l’actuelle ville haute. Conquise par les Alamans vers 400, la ville se développe progressivement au Moyen Âge et … 1638 par le duc Bernhard de Saxe-Weimar, général allemand combattant pour les armées de Louis XIII, Breisach est rattachée à la France en 1648 par les traités de Westphalie qui concluent la Guerre de …

… New town of the Ancient Regime, founded on the site of a medieval castle, Rochefort came into existence from 1666. The … Royal household, the seat of authority. The two other welcome the church and market hall. The architect Francis … dated from 1666. However, it was not until the period 1674-1679 that the urban wall was finally constructed. The …

… valleys intersected. This small fort was replaced by a medieval castle in the 16th century. The first urban wall was … Louis XIV to modernise Briançon. These modernisations commenced with the construction of a first urban wall, … Lagrune. This urban wall saw many segments of the medieval ramparts reused and was very narrow in itself, given …

… le village de Saint-Vincent est détruit par un incendie durant l’invasion savoyarde du duc Victor-Amédée pendant … d’eau de pluie, d’une boulangerie et d’une maison du commandant. Une seconde porte, équipée d’un hourd, perce le … sa restauration sous la Monarchie de Juillet (1830-1848). Restauré et légèrement réaménagé au cours du XIXe …

… Saint-Paul-de-Vence History and description A town of medieval origin, Saint-Paul-de-Vence had its first … of Nice became Savoyard. The two Savoy invasions of 1524 and 1536 drove Francis I to modernise the fortifications … the July Monarchy, the ramparts underwent a restoration completed to repair the damage caused by their abandonment …

… was the only port of the royal domain between 987 and 1204. The town, constructed on a rocky headland above the … bastions, moats and a glacis were built in front of the medieval ramparts, under Henri II and Charles IX. Their main … Antoine de Ville. Vauban visited the town in 1672 and 1674. His sole projects for Montreuil were hydraulic works …

… with a keep, the tower of Ostrevent, dating from 1164. The first modern constructions took shape under Charles … six years after the town had been taken by the Dutch. The medieval defence system employing water was also improved at … and constructed a barracks and a powder keg. In 1682, he recommended downgrading Bouchain, considering it of no use. …

… Montmédy History and description An agglomeration of medieval origin, the site of Montmédy had its first … a urban wall surrounded the Upper Town (Ville Haute) to complete the defensive set-up. From 1544, Charles Quint replaced this castle fort and surrounded …

… A town of Greek origin, founded by the Phoeceans around 430 BC, the first urban wall in Antibes was built in Late Antiquity. In medieval times, a further urban wall including multiple round … excesses. On each occasion, the town was conquered and completely devastated. To guard against any repeat, Francis …

… wall was replaced by another of worked stone in around the 14th century, which was repaired in 1451. In 1491, the … in a royal stronghold. In 1689, Vauban updated the medieval urban wall by adding to the main gate. This work saw … with new firing chambers. A project from 1694 remained incomplete. In 1837, the July Monarchy modernised the site by …

… of Austria since the 15th century. Ceded to France in 1648 by the treaty of Westfalia, Vauban had his first … and along an orthogonal outline replaced the pre-existing medieval village. The urban wall included five arrow-headed … of the river, behind this bridgehead. It allowed sold points of support from which to construct a provisional …

… England, the town was permanently returned to France in 1450. The castle and the medieval ramparts were then restored at the time. In the … importance of the port which faced England. In 1639, the commissioner general of the navy of Louis XIII, Louis le …

… This was the bastion of Egmont, which replaced the medieval castle by enclosing it. In 1577, platforms for … Netherlands Spanish, multiple other bastions and ravelins completed the defences. Certain projects remained unrealised … and Richerand transformed the bastion of Egmont and the medieval castle into an entrenched construction. The covered …