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… excesses. On each occasion, the town was conquered and completely devastated. To guard against any repeat, Francis … of the same name, in order to protect the mooring. Vauban visited Antibes in 1679 and 1682. He had completed an … in 1889 and the walls demolished after 1895. Today, one bastion is all that remains near the jetty of the port. …

… Chambrière were constructed from 1732 to 1736 and the bastioned redoubt of la Seille was completed in 1737. … of the medieval urban wall. These remains are open to visitors. The relief map constructed in 1825-1826, updated in 1868 (updating suspended following the …

… the river). In the 15th century, the castle of Longwy was one of the most important in the region. It was partially … 1672, razed to the ground by the French. In 1678, after the combat in the war of Holland came to an end and the set-up … and regularly maintained. The whole facility is today a freely accessible city park. An adventure park has also been …

… not until midway through the 18th century that they were completed with the deepening of the Aa channel in 1740. … former ravelins and counterguards were transformed and new ones were also added. The 19th century saw work proceed on … of Gravelines and the moats survived and are now open to visitors. The ramparts have been restored and the green …

… an important port arsenal there, but the project was abandoned. In 1679, Vauban visited Collioure and Port-Vendres. He set out a military … came to nothing. The engineer Rousselot got no further than completing minor fortifications in 1693. Three redoubts …

… History and description Situated along the Indre, near the forest of Chinon, the castle of Ussé appeared in 1004, in … of a wooden fortress, which was replaced in 1040 by a stone castle fort. This castle was because of the Hundred Years War. From 1424, Jean de Beuil, lord of Ussé, commenced the construction of the current Renaissance castle …

… under Henri IV of France by an Italian engineer called Scipione Vergano. Six bastions were thus constructed between 1596 … the urban wall there. This construction site was completed in 1724. The new urban wall was far bigger than … and a redoubt. urban city wall and coastal batteries Scipione Vergano, François Ferry Charente-Maritime Current state …

… the Old Town (Vieille Ville) of Nancy had its first city fortifications built in around the 11th century. These … multiple times before finally being replaced by a bastioned urban wall from 1550. This urban wall included eight … urban wall of 1550. Only the porte Saint-Nicolas allowed communication between the two towns. The town-planning of …

… of the Moselle and the Ingressin, Toul had its first fortifications built in 375. This urban wall was largely replaced in the middle Ages by another, made of stone, on a very irregular route which resisted multiple … porte de France. However, the projects of Vauban remained incomplete. The decoration of the counterscarp only took place …

… the War of the League of Augsburg. The engineer Benjamin de Combes completed it in based on the models of Vauban. The … and the covering was a candle snuffer roof (with limestone foundations) and tested to be bomb-proof. artillery … been classed as a historical monument since 1948 and can be visited. … Port-en-Bessin …

… the spit of the same name, it was a tapered square redoubt, comprising a terraced rampart and equipped with twelve … are well preserved but overgrown by vegetation. It is freely open to visitors. The central building has disappeared. … Fort de …

… since the Antiquity, Morlaix remained without marine fortifications until the 16th century. The town was pillaged … and a battery, the cannon embrasures of which were stationed at the level of the water. The fort was confiscated by … by engineers Garangeau and Frézier. The fort was only completed in 1745, at the start of the war of Succession of …

… to renovate the defences of La Rochelle, which he had been commissioned to perform by Vauban the same year. His superior was … of Chef-de-Baie still exists but is not currently open to visitors. It is well-preserved but overgrown with …

… first urban wall built around Dunkirk came in 960, in the form of a fenced moat. The town developed based on an … masonry urbanwall with twenty-eight towers. Having become a border town, Dunkirk kept its urban wall, said to be … for this construction, standards were certainly applied nonetheless. For the lower town, the model eventually adopted …

… on a rocky headland above the estuary of the Canche, was fortified since the 15th century. The Count of Helgaut, its … Hundred Years War, Montreuil-sur-Mer was endowed with bastioned fortifications under Francis I of France. Six detached … the second in 1630 by the engineer Antoine de Ville. Vauban visited the town in 1672 and 1674. His sole projects for …

… Redoubt of Sablanceaux History and description The first fortification along the beach of Sablanceaux, on the … in artillery. The July Monarchy reconstructed the stonework of the square and developed it with more substantial … Current state The redoubt still exists and is open to visitors, although dilapidated and subject to some vandalism …

… Justice, to the north, and the fort Saint-Elme on mont Japone to the south. Taken by the French in 1642, Collioure had … The fort Carré and the star tower were constructed from 1726 to 1770 to the north of the town in order to complete the … citadel and the fort Saint-Elme were preserved and can be visited. They house museums and exhibition spaces. The fort …

… To enhance the defence, Lopez created an original fortress combining medieval and modern fortification. The castle was … three detached towers in a horseshoe shape and very thick stone walls (11 metres). It was sunk into the ground into very … of the frontier. Transformed into a prison in 1682, Vauban visited it in 1685 and smoothed over the parapets in 1691, …

… de Vaudrevange et de Sarrebruck n’étant pas aptes à être fortifié correctement, Choisy repère le site de Saarlouis, en tant que seule zone plate le long de la Sarre, encaissée ailleurs. Choisy … maçonnée protègent l’extérieur. L’ouvrage à corne est composé d’un bassin central inondable par une vanne et de …

… against Charles Quint, sovereign of Italy. The medieval fortifications and the castle built on top of the spur were … the porte d’Italie, which was the most vulnerable, and bastioned semi-circular towers without arches. Finally, he linked … today is exclusively tourism-related and it is open for visitors all year round. … Entrevaux …

… around the primitive castle. This construction was still incomplete however, when the Spanish gave the isle to the … Sainte-Marguerite took on its current form: that of a bastioned irregular pentagon equipped with three fronts on the … The fort Sainte-Marguerite still exists and is open to visitors. Only the chapel was destroyed in 1944 during the …

… redentées successives. Les flancs ouest et est ne sont composés que de murailles à pic sur les pentes rocheuses … totale à mille cinq cent personnes, venues de tous les coins de France. Cette population possède une juridiction … ont entrepris d’ouvrir le site au public. Divers types de visites, guidées ou non, sont possibles, renseignements à …

… To do so, he continued the modernisation which Pagan had commenced: the medieval urban wall was totally restored and … of Blaye have been preserved. The citadel, abandoned by the army since 1950, is now used for accommodation … a tourist venue. The tunnels have recently been opened to visitors and the site hosts numerous shows. The ramparts …

… Bergues History and description Medieval town, comprising two initial urban centres (the Saint-Winocq abbey … of Aix-la-Chapelle. The same year, Vauban was commissioned to modernise the defences. His first project, applied … and ramparts are preserved but covered in undergrowth. Visiting is possible, either with or without a guide. The …

… droite de la Moselle, Trarbach est protégée par un château fort, dit Grevenburg ( i.e. château des comtes ) édifié après 1357 par le comte Jean III de … et en partie couverts des débris. Le site est ouvert à la visite. De l’enceinte urbaine ne restent que deux tours et …

… channel to the sea. The urban wall was first adapted to accommodate artillery with the installation of new towers for … away with the medieval castle which had surrounded it in one of its bastions. This construction work ended around … two forts are classed as historical monuments and can be visited when contacting the tourist office. Also still …

… approuvé par Vauban en date du 4 novembre. Le chantier commence après l’annexion officielle de Bitche par la France … since 1979. Bequeathed to the town, it houses two museums: one of which, in the former chapel, describes the military … In the exterior of the town, the Smiserhof is open to visits, by arrangement with the local tourist office. The …